The remediation of contaminated sites is an area where a great deal remains to be learned. The heterogeneity of the environment and the varied nature of contamination require more than a one size fits all approach to remediation design. Remediation practitioners are always searching for more effective technologies and a better understanding of contaminant fate. Much of the basis for new remedial approaches comes from academic or governmental fundamental research. Such research often identifies new reaction pathways, organisms, chemical additives, delivery methods, or investigatory tools. New concepts and ideas are generally tested as laboratory, bench pilot or field pilot projects by remediation practitioners in order to further develop new approaches to remediation or to evaluate their applicability at a specific site. While laboratory treatability testing with soil and groundwater obtained from the site may be sufficient for screening purposes, field testing is generally recommended to confirm adequate performance under unique and heterogeneous field conditions. If laboratory pilots and field demonstrations are both favorable a technology or tool may be utilized in full-scale remediation projects. This presentation will highlight how good fundamental research is critical to improving our ability to solve challenging environmental problems.

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